Peptides are no longer a niche subject in the scientific literature either. In 2026 papers appeared that gather them in one place and, for the first time, compare them with each other in hard measurements. Below are four of them, with exactly what was measured and what it means for the molecules in our catalogue.
An orthopaedic review: peptides grouped by pathway
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Global Research and Reviews published a review of peptides in orthopaedics. The authors organise them by the signalling pathways they act on: PI3K and Akt, mTOR, MAPK, TGF-beta and AMPK. This approach explains why molecules of different structure are described in similar contexts.
The first group is the healing peptides: BPC-157, TB-500 and GHK-Cu. They are described as affecting blood vessel formation, matrix remodelling through integrins and fibroblast activation. The second group is growth hormone secretagogues: ipamorelin, CJC-1295, tesamorelin and sermorelin. They act through IGF-1 signalling and repair involving satellite cells.
Achilles tendon in rats: the first strength measurement
The second paper appeared in Joint Diseases and Related Surgery and is more interesting, because it gives figures from a mechanical measurement. The researchers used 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats, twelve weeks old and weighing about 330 grams. Each had its Achilles tendon cut and sutured. The animals were then split into four equal groups: control, BPC-157, TB-500, and both molecules together.
Treatment ran for four weeks after surgery. After that the maximum load to tendon failure was measured, and histological preparations were scored on the Bonar and Movin scales. Maximum load was higher in the BPC-157 and TB-500 groups than in the control group. The TB-500 group reached statistical significance. Combining the two molecules gave no greater effect than either on its own. The authors explain this by action through shared pathways.
This is an animal study and should be read as one. What it means for injuries in humans is set out in the guide to peptides and tendon and ligament injuries.
Tesamorelin: a meta-analysis of four randomised trials
The third paper pooled four randomised trials with a total of 909 patients with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Tesamorelin at 2 mg reduced visceral fat and waist circumference, on average by 1.61 centimetres against placebo. The authors also noted more frequent discontinuation in the active group and pointed to the lack of data on long-term use.
Tesamorelin remains the only GHRH analogue approved as a medicine, and its place in the catalogue is described in a separate guide to tesamorelin.
Gerontology: peptides in the context of healthy ageing
The fourth paper appeared in Frontiers in Aging and gathers peptides used in ageing research. It discusses mechanisms and the directions in which work on this group of molecules is going today. For a reader of the shop it is above all a sign that the subject has a permanent place in the literature, not only on forums. What changes with age in the growth hormone axis itself is set out in the guide to peptides after 40.
Four papers side by side
| Paper | Type | What was measured |
|---|---|---|
| JAAOS Global Research and Reviews, 2026 | review | peptides organised by signalling pathway |
| Joint Diseases and Related Surgery, 2026 | study on 32 rats | maximum load to tendon failure, histology |
| Journal of the IAPAC, 2026 | meta-analysis of 4 trials, 909 patients | visceral fat and waist circumference after tesamorelin |
| Frontiers in Aging, 2026 | review | mechanisms of peptides in ageing research |
What this means for the catalogue
Two things are worth remembering. The first concerns TB-500. In the mechanical measurement it was the only treatment with a statistically significant advantage over the control group. The second concerns combining peptides with a similar mechanism. The effects do not necessarily add up, and that changes how to look at ready-made blends.
We update the descriptions in our shop when papers like these appear, and we give the source with them. Prices for every item are on the price list, and the individual molecules are described in the shop.
Frequently asked questions
What was new in the Achilles tendon study?
The mechanical strength of the repair was measured in numbers, and the TB-500 group gained a statistically significant advantage over the control group.
Did combining BPC-157 with TB-500 work better?
No. The combination gave no greater effect than either molecule on its own, which the authors link to shared pathways of action.
Were these human studies?
The tendon study was done in rats. The tesamorelin meta-analysis covered 909 patients, which is clinical data.
How large was the change after tesamorelin?
Waist circumference fell on average by 1.61 centimetres against placebo, with a drop in visceral fat.
Where can I find descriptions of individual molecules?
In the shop, where every compound has its own page with price and availability.
Sources
- Rahman OF, Lee SJ, Seeds WA. Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions. JAAOS Global Research and Reviews, 2026, 10(1): e25.00236. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-25-00236
- Biçer O, Adanir O, Güleryüz Y et al. Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study. Joint Diseases and Related Surgery, 2026, 37(3): 822-837. https://doi.org/10.52312/jdrs.2026.2951
- Ditta AM, Naeem RM, Sami MM et al. Efficacy and Safety of Tesamorelin in People Living With HIV (PLWH) With Lipodystrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care, 2026, 25. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259582261475549
- Mavrych V, Shypilova I, Bolgova O. Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging. Frontiers in Aging, 2026, 7: 1790247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fragi.2026.1790247